Caryophyllene

Otherwise known as:

Beta-Caryophyllene, BCP

Chemical Structure:

Caryophyllene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene with the molecular formula C₁₅H₂₄. It features a cyclobutane ring, which is rare among natural compounds, and consists of three isoprene units.

Introduction:

Caryophyllene is a terpene known for its spicy, peppery aroma. It is unique among terpenes due to its ability to bind to CB2 receptors in the endocannabinoid system, giving it significant therapeutic potential. Caryophyllene is found in various plants, including black pepper, cloves, and cannabis.

Overview:

Caryophyllene is renowned for its distinctive spicy scent and robust therapeutic properties. Unlike most terpenes, it can directly interact with cannabinoid receptors, specifically CB2, making it a significant compound in medical research and applications. Its anti-inflammatory and pain-relief properties are particularly well-documented.

Origin:

Caryophyllene is found in a variety of spices and herbs, contributing to their characteristic aromas. It is notably abundant in black pepper, cloves, and basil, and is a major component in many essential oils, including those of cannabis.

Aroma and Flavour Profile:

Scent Description:

Caryophyllene has a spicy, woody, and peppery aroma with hints of cloves and cinnamon. This warm and earthy scent is commonly associated with black pepper and spices.

Flavour Notes:

The flavour of Caryophyllene is similarly spicy and peppery, often contributing a warm, robust taste to foods and cannabis strains that contain it.

Natural Sources:

Caryophyllene is naturally found in:

• Black pepper
• Cloves
• Basil
• Oregano
• Hops
• Rosemary
• Cinnamon

Effects and Benefits:

Therapeutic Effects:

Caryophyllene is known for a variety of therapeutic benefits, including:

• Anti-inflammatory
• Analgesic (pain relief)
• Antimicrobial
• Antioxidant
• Neuroprotective

Psychoactive Effects:

Caryophyllene is unique in that, while it interacts with the endocannabinoid system, it does not produce psychoactive effects. Instead, it can enhance the therapeutic effects of other cannabinoids without causing a high.

Medical Uses:

Conditions Treated:

Caryophyllene may help in treating:

• Chronic pain
• Inflammation
• Anxiety and Depression
• Gastrointestinal issues
• Neurodegenerative diseases

Research:

Studies have demonstrated caryophyllene's significant medical potential. For instance, research published in Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior indicated its effectiveness in reducing pain and inflammation by interacting with CB2 receptors​ (National Library of Medicine)​.

Mechanism of Action:

Biological Pathways:

Caryophyllene interacts with the CB2 receptors in the endocannabinoid system, which are primarily located in peripheral tissues and the immune system. This interaction leads to anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects without the psychoactive side effects associated with CB1 receptor activation.

Synergistic Effects:

Entourage Effect:

Caryophyllene significantly contributes to the entourage effect by enhancing the anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties of other cannabinoids. Its ability to bind to CB2 receptors complements the effects of THC and CBD, leading to a more balanced and effective therapeutic profile.

Combination Benefits:

When combined with other terpenes and cannabinoids, Caryophyllene can:

• Enhance pain relief and anti-inflammatory effects
• Provide anxiolytic and antidepressant benefits
• Improve gastrointestinal health
• Offer neuroprotection

Safety and Side Effects:

Potential Risks:

Caryophyllene is generally considered safe, but excessive use can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

Safety Guidelines:

• Use in moderation, especially if you have known sensitivities to spices containing Caryophyllene.
• Consult with a healthcare provider if you have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.
• Conduct a patch test before applying Caryophyllene-containing products to the skin to check for allergic reactions.

FAQs:

1. Is Caryophyllene safe to use in aromatherapy? Yes, Caryophyllene is commonly used in aromatherapy for its soothing and therapeutic properties. However, it should be used in moderation to avoid potential skin irritation.
2. Can Caryophyllene help with pain relief? Yes, Caryophyllene has significant analgesic properties and can help reduce chronic pain by interacting with CB2 receptors.

References:

Scientific Papers:

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7599522/
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10352876/

Further Reading:

Leafly: The Top Cannabis Strains and Their Main Terpenes.

Leafly: The Best Terpenes for Insomnia & Their Strains.

For more comprehensive information on medical cannabis and to find the right treatment options for you, visit Cantourage Clinic.

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Cantourage Clinic offer specialist consultations for the following conditions.‍

- Pain

- Psychiatry‍

- Neurology‍

- Gastroenterological‍

- Oncology‍

- Palliative Care‍

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